Inspirerende citaten
Verzen, bijzonder rustgevend, doordrenkt van liefde, verdraagzaamheid, vrede, intelligentie en spirituele verheffing
De grondleggers van deze reboot van de abrahamitische saga begrepen één ding: het vleselijke en het materiële verkopen beter dan het spirituele. Vandaar een paradijs dat veel beter gevuld is dan het christelijke, waar de herrezenen ‘niet trouwen en niet ten huwelijk gegeven worden’ (Matteüs 22:30). Moeilijk te verkopen. De islamitische versie biedt rivieren van wijn (47:15) en vooral maagden:
‘In beide Tuinen zullen maagden zijn met ingetogen blik, die nooit eerder door een mens of djinn zijn aangeraakt.’
Koran 55:56
De Koran noemt geen aantal: de beroemde 72 maagden komen uit een hadith, als bonus voor martelaren (Jami' at-Tirmidhi 1663). Een verleidelijk vooruitzicht, dat geef ik toe, al heb ik persoonlijk een voorkeur voor ervaren vrouwen. De concurrentie op de markt van het hiernamaals is moordend, dus het heeft geen zin om op beloften te beknibbelen. Er is tenslotte nog nooit een klant teruggekomen om zijn geld terug te vragen.
Anders dan de andere abrahamitische religies stelt de islam zich niet tevreden met het uitbuiten van onze existentiële angsten: hij speelt ook in op onze hormonen. Die van volwaardige mensen, uiteraard. Niet die van hun ondergeschikten, de vrouwen, die volgens de Profeet het merendeel van de bewoners van de hel vormen (Sahih al-Bukhari 29).
Ook hun verstand schiet tekort, en op dit punt zijn Allah en Zijn Boodschapper het eens. Allah verlangt twee vrouwen ter vervanging van één mannelijke getuige, voor het geval een van hen iets vergeet (2:282), en beschrijft hen als ‘niet overtuigend in een twistgesprek’ (43:18). De Profeet trekt de conclusie: ‘Dit is het tekort in haar verstand’ (Sahih al-Bukhari 304). En van alle beproevingen die hij achterliet, is er geen enkele ‘zwaarder voor mannen dan vrouwen’ (Sahih al-Bukhari 5096).
Ik raad aan deze verzen in meerdere sessies te lezen, verspreid over een vrij lange periode. Zoveel goddelijke wijsheid en poëzie in één keer verorberen zou gevaarlijk kunnen zijn: je hersenen zouden de schok misschien niet overleven.
Gedurfde critici van de islam zullen tegenwerpen dat veel andere opvallende verzen hier een plaats verdienden. Ongetwijfeld. Maar het doel is niet om de hele Koran over te schrijven: deze bloemlezing van instructies van de Schepper van alle dingen is zo al pittig en lijvig genoeg. Ze zal in de loop van de tijd groeien.
Om je tijd te besparen, heb ik de belangrijkste passages van elk vers vetgedrukt.
De Engelse vertaling van de betekenis van de onderstaande Koranverzen is gemaakt door Dr. Mustafa Khattab. Andere vertalingen van de hieronder gepresenteerde verzen vind je op quran.com.
Opgemerkt moet worden dat sommige pleitbezorgers van Allah beweren dat alle vertalingen de betekenis van de verzen ingrijpend veranderen. Volgens verschillende Arabischsprekende ex-moslims zijn vertalingen doorgaans opgeschoond en verbloemd vergeleken met de oorspronkelijke Arabische versie. De oorspronkelijke versie is, zo lijkt het, vaak duisterder dan de vertalingen.
Genoeg gepraat: laten we beginnen.
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And remember when Abraham said, “My Lord, make this city of Mecca secure and provide fruits to its people—those among them who believe in Allah and the Last Day.” He answered, “As for those who disbelieve, I will let them enjoy themselves for a little while, then I will condemn them to the torment of the Fire. What an evil destination!”
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“Surely those who disbelieve and die as disbelievers are condemned by Allah, the angels, and all of humanity. They will be in Hell forever. Their punishment will not be lightened, nor will they be delayed from it. Your God is only One God. There is no god worthy of worship except Him—the Most Compassionate, Most Merciful.”
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“The example of the disbelievers not responding to the Messenger’s warning is like a flock not comprehending the calls and cries of the shepherd. They are wilfully deaf, dumb and blind so they have no understanding.”
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“Kill them wherever you come upon them and drive them out of the places from which they have driven you out. For persecution is far worse than killing. And do not fight them at the Sacred Mosque unless they attack you there. If they do so, then fight them—that is the reward of the disbelievers.”
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“Fight against them if they persecute you until there is no more persecution, and your devotion will be to Allah alone. If they stop persecuting you, let there be no hostility except against the aggressors.”
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“Do not marry polytheistic women until they believe; for a believing slave-woman is better than a free polytheist, even though she may look pleasant to you. And do not marry your women to polytheistic men until they believe, for a believing slave-man is better than a free polytheist, even though he may look pleasant to you. They invite you to the Fire while Allah invites you to Paradise and forgiveness by His grace. He makes His revelations clear to the people so perhaps they will be mindful.”
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They ask you about menstruation. Say, “Beware of its harm! So keep away, and do not have intercourse with your wives during their monthly cycles until they are purified. When they purify themselves, then you may approach them in the manner specified by Allah. Surely Allah loves those who always turn to Him in repentance and those who purify themselves.”
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“Your wives are like farmland for you, so approach them consensually as you please. And send forth something good for yourselves. Be mindful of Allah, and know that you will meet Him. And give good news to the believers.”
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“Divorced women must wait three monthly cycles before they can re-marry. It is not lawful for them to conceal what Allah has created in their wombs, if they truly believe in Allah and the Last Day. And their husbands reserve the right to take them back within that period if they desire reconciliation. Women have rights similar to those of men equitably, although men have a degree of responsibility above them. And Allah is Almighty, All-Wise.”
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“Indeed, neither the wealth nor children of the disbelievers will be of any benefit to them against Allah—and they will be the fuel for the Fire. Their fate will be like that of the people of Pharaoh and those before them—they all rejected Our signs, so Allah seized them for their sins. And Allah is severe in punishment.”
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“Believers should not take disbelievers as guardians instead of the believers—and whoever does so will have nothing to hope for from Allah—unless it is a precaution against their tyranny. And Allah warns you about Himself. And to Allah is the final return.”
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“If you fear you might fail to give orphan women their due rights if you were to marry them, then marry other women of your choice—two, three, or four. But if you are afraid you will fail to maintain justice, then content yourselves with one or those bondwomen in your possession. This way you are less likely to commit injustice.”
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“Allah commands you regarding your children: the share of the male will be twice that of the female. If you leave only two or more females, their share is two-thirds of the estate. But if there is only one female, her share will be one-half. Each parent is entitled to one-sixth if you leave offspring. But if you are childless and your parents are the only heirs, then your mother will receive one-third. But if you leave siblings, then your mother will receive one-sixth—after the fulfilment of bequests and debts. Be fair to your parents and children, as you do not fully know who is more beneficial to you. This is an obligation from Allah. Surely Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.”
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“But whoever disobeys Allah and His Messenger and exceeds their limits will be cast into Hell, to stay there forever. And they will suffer a humiliating punishment.”
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“As for those of your women who commit illegal intercourse—call four witnesses from among yourselves. If they testify, confine the offenders to their homes until they die or Allah ordains a different way for them.”
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“Also forbidden are married women—except female captives in your possession. This is Allah’s commandment to you. Lawful to you are all beyond these—as long as you seek them with your wealth in a legal marriage, not in fornication. Give those you have consummated marriage with their due dowries. It is permissible to be mutually gracious regarding the set dowry. Surely Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.”
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“But if any of you cannot afford to marry a free believing woman, then let him marry a believing bondwoman possessed by one of you. Allah knows best the state of your faith and theirs. You are from one another. So marry them with the permission of their owners, giving them their dowry in fairness, if they are chaste, neither promiscuous nor having secret affairs. If they commit indecency after marriage, they receive half the punishment of free women. This is for those of you who fear falling into sin. But if you are patient, it is better for you. And Allah is All-Forgiving, Most Merciful.”
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“Men are the caretakers of women, as men have been provisioned by Allah over women and tasked with supporting them financially. And righteous women are devoutly obedient and, when alone, protective of what Allah has entrusted them with. And if you sense ill-conduct from your women, advise them first, if they persist, do not share their beds, but if they still persist, then discipline them gently. But if they change their ways, do not be unjust to them. Surely Allah is Most High, All-Great.”
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“O believers! Do not approach prayer while intoxicated until you are aware of what you say, nor in a state of full impurity—unless you merely pass through the mosque—until you have bathed. But if you are ill, on a journey, or have relieved yourselves, or been intimate with your wives and cannot find water, then purify yourselves with clean earth, wiping your faces and hands. And Allah is Ever-Pardoning, All-Forgiving.”
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“Indeed, Allah does not forgive associating others with Him in worship, but forgives anything else of whoever He wills. And whoever associates others with Allah has indeed committed a grave sin.”
